M S M Saifullah

© Islamic Awareness, All Rights Reserved.

First Composed: 16th November 2003

Last Updated: 11th March 2007

Assalamu-‘alaykum wa rahamatullahi wa barakatuhu:

We present the canons of the Old and the New Testament through the ages. The list divided into the Old Testament and the New Testament to keep it manageable. As one can see, the list is certainly not exhaustive and has a potential to develop into a long one in the future.

Our list has got a similar structure as the compilation of Paul Harvey. Harvey's list is quite exhaustive with some drawbacks: lack of proper references for each canon as well as errors. The difference between our list and that of Harvey's is that we have provided references for each canon so that the interested reader can verify for himself or herself the contents of the canon. The references would also be an aid for further investigation. Furthermore, we have also provided notes which the readers might find useful (hopefully!).

Since the list of the canons through ages is quite long, there is a possibility of errors creeping in. In case, if you find any errors please do not hesistate to email us with the name of the canon, the error as well as the reference(s) to support your viewpoint.

P Present

PnPresent and fit for ecclesiastical or catechetical purposes, but does not constitute as an apocrypha.

PePresent in the end as apocrypha

PiPresent but incomplete or some parts missing

PmPresent in modified form

PsPresent, taken from Syriac

? Disputed

RRejected as apocrypha or spurious

MMissing, e.g., because of loss or omission in the manuscript

.Not present or not listed

3. Old Testament

Name	Year	Torah	Nevi'im	Kethuvim	Esther	Esther additions	Daniel additions	Baruch	Epis. of Jeremiah	Psalms additions I	Psalms additions II	III Esdras	IV Esdras	Tobit	Judith	Wisdom of Solomon	Wisdom of Jesus b. Sirach	Prayer of Manasseh	I Maccab.	II Maccab.	III Maccab.	IV Maccab.	Psalms of Solomon	Apocaly. of Baruch	Enoch	Jubilees
II Esdras 14:45	~95	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Common EraCommon EraCommon EraCommon Era
Philo	~40	P	M	M	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Josephus	~90	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Marcion	~140	R	R	R	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Melito	~170	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Muratorian	~170	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Clement	~170	P	P	P	P	.	.	P	.	.	.	P	.	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Irenaeus	~177	P	P	P	P	.	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Tertullian	240	P	P	P	P	.	.	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	Pn	.
Origen	253	P	Pi	P	P	.	.	.	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Eusebius	~320	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Cyril	~350	P	P	P	P	.	.	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Claromontanus	~350	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	P	P	.	.	.	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.
Sinaiticus	~350	Pi	Pi	Pi	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	P	Pi	P	P	.	P	M	M	P	.	.	.	.
Vaticanus	~350	P	P	Pi	P	.	.	P	P	.	.	.	.	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Hilary	~360	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	P	.	.	.	.	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Cheltenham	360	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Laodicea	363	P	P	P	P	.	.	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Athanasius	367	P	P	P	Pn	.	.	P	P	.	.	.	.	Pn	Pn	Pn	Pn	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Epiphanius	~374	P	P	P	P	.	.	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Apostolic C	380	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	P	.	P	.	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.
Gregory	390	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Jerome	~390	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	Pn	Pn	Pn	Pn	.	Pn	Pn	.	.	.	.	.	.
Amphilochius	394	P	P	P	?	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Augustine	395	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	P	P	P	P	.	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.
Carthage III	397	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	P	P	P	P	.	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.
Philastrius	397	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	Pn	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Didymus	~398	Pi	Pi	Pi	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Addai	~400	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Peshitta	~400	P	P	P	P	.	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	.
Alexandrinus	~400	P	P	P	P	.	.	P	P	P	.	.	.	P	P	P	P	.	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.
Innocent I	405	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	P	P	P	.	.	P	P	.	.	P	.	.	.
Chrysostom	407	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Rufinus	410	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	Pn	Pn	Pn	Pn	.	Pn	Pn	Pn	Pn	.	.	.	.
Washingtoniasus	~450	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Theodoret	~458	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Gelasius	~500	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	P	P	P	P	.	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.
Greek Orthodox	~550	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	P	.	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.
Junilius	~550	P	Pi	Pi	Pn	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	Pn	P	P	.	Pn	Pn	.	.	.	.	.	.
Cassiodorus	560	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	P	P	P	P	.	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.
IslamIslamIslamIslam
	Year	Torah	Nevi'im	Kethuvim	Esther	Esther additions	Daniel additions	Baruch	Epis. of Jeremiah	Psalms additions I	Psalms additions II	III Esdras	IV Esdras	Tobit	Judith	Wisdom of Solomon	Wisdom of Jesus b. Sirach	Prayer of Manasseh	I Maccab.	II Maccab.	III Maccab.	IV Maccab.	Psalms of Solomon	Apocaly. of Baruch	Enoch	Jubilees
Leontius	~620	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Isidore	636	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	P	P	P	P	.	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.
Talmud	~700	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
John of Damascus	~725	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	Pn	Pn	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Nicephorus	828	P	P	P	?	.	?	P	.	.	.	.	.	?	?	?	?	.	?	?	?	.	?	.	R	.
Anastasius	880	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Alfric	1006	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	P	P	P	P	.	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.
Hugo of St. Victor	1140	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Alexius	1165	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	Pn	Pn	.	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.
John of Salisbury	1166	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Ethiopic	~1300	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	P	P
Ebed Jesu	1318	P	P	P	P	.	P	P	.	.	.	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	P	.	.	P	.	.	.	.
Wycliffe	~1400	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	.	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.
Gutenberg	1456	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	.	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.
Low German	1480	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	P	P	P	P	.	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.
Soncino	1488	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
ReformationReformationReformationReformation
	Year	Torah	Nevi'im	Kethuvim	Esther	Esther additions	Daniel additions	Baruch	Epis. of Jeremiah	Psalms additions I	Psalms additions II	III Esdras	IV Esdras	Tobit	Judith	Wisdom of Solomon	Wisdom of Jesus b. Sirach	Prayer of Manasseh	I Maccab.	II Maccab.	III Maccab.	IV Maccab.	Psalms of Solomon	Apocaly. of Baruch	Enoch	Jubilees
Complutensian	1514	P	P	P	P	Pn	Pn	Pn	Pn	.	.	.	.	Pn	Pn	Pn	Pn	Pn	Pn	Pn	Pn	.	.	.	.	.
Karlstadt	1520	P	P	P	P	.	R	R	.	.	.	R	R	Pn	Pn	Pn	Pn	R	Pn	Pn	.	.	.	.	.	.
Tyndale	1526	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Pagninus	1528	P	P	P	P	.	.	Pe	Pe	.	.	.	.	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	.	Pe	Pe	.	.	.	.	.	.
Oecolampadius	1530	P	P	P	P	.	Pn	Pn	.	.	.	Pn	Pn	Pn	Pn	.	.	.	Pn	Pn	Pn	.	.	.	.	.
Coverdale	1535	P	P	P	P	Pe	Pe	P	P	.	.	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	.	Pe	Pe	.	.	.	.	.	.
Luther Bible	1538	P	P	P	P	Pe	Pe	Pe	.	.	.	.	.	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	.	Pe	Pe	.	.	.	.	.	.
Great	1539	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	.	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.
C. Trent	1546	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	P	P	P	P	.	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.
Louvain	1550	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	.	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.
Stephanus	1555	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.
French C.	1559	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Beza	1560	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Geneva	1560	P	P	P	P	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	.	.	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	.	.	.	.	.	.
Belgian C.	1563	P	P	P	P	R	R	R	R	.	.	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	.	.	.	.	.	.
Calvin	1564	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Emden (NE)	1571	P	P	P	P	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	.	.	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	.	.	.	.	.
39 Articles	1571	P	P	P	P	Pn	Pn	Pn	Pn	.	.	Pn	Pn	Pn	Pn	Pn	Pn	Pn	Pn	Pn	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bishops'	1575	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	.	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.
Canin (R)	1599	P	P	P	P	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	.	.	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	.	.	.	.	.
T & J	1603	P	P	P	P	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	.	.	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	.	.	.	.	.
Batavia	1608	P	P	P	P	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	.	.	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	.	.	.	.	.
Duoay-Rheims	1609	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	.	Pe	Pe	P	P	P	P	Pe	P	P	.	?	.	.	R	.
AV (KJV)	1611	P	P	P	P	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	.	.	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	.	.	.	.	.	.
Elzevir	1633	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Westminster C.	1646	P	P	P	P	R	R	R	R	.	.	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	.	.	.	.	.	.
Savoy D.	1658	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Port Royal	1667	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Swiss D.	1675	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Westcott & Hort	1881	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Rahlfs LXX	1935	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	.	.
Lamsa	1957	Ps	Ps	Ps	Ps	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
RSV	1965	P	P	P	P	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	.	.	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	Pe	.	.	.	.	.	.
BHS	1966	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
GNT-UBS1	1966	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
NIV	1973	Pm	Pm	Pm	Pm	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.		.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Neo-Vulgate	1983	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.
GNT-UBS3	1983	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Jerusalem Bible	1985	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.
JPS Tanakh	1985	P	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
GNT-UBS4	1994	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.

Torah (Teachings): Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy

Nevi'im (Prophets): 7 Major Prophets: Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel; 12 Minor Prophets: Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi.

Kethuvim (Writings): Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther (see below), Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, Chronicles.

Esther: For comparison indicated separately from Kethuvim.

Esther Additions: Additions to Greek Esther of Septuagint.

Daniel Addition: Additions to Greek Daniel: Prayer of Azariah, Bel, Susanna.

Baruch: Written in Greek.

Epistle of Jeremiah: Greek fragments found at Qumran Cave 7, additions to Greek Jeremiah of Septuagint

Psalm 151: Qumran 11QPs(a)151.

Psalms 152-155: Qumran 11QPs(a)154, 155.

III Esdras: Written in Greek.

IV Esdras: Written in Greek.

Tobit: 1 Hebrew and 3 Aramaic manuscripts found at Qumran Cave 4.

Judith: Written in Hebrew.

Wisdom of Solomon: Written in Greek.

Wisdom of Jesus ben Sirach (Ecclesiasticus): Qumran C. 2, Masada.

Prayer of Manasseh: Written in Greek.

I Maccabees: Written in Greek.

II Maccabees: Written in Greek.

III Maccabees: Written in Greek.

IV Maccabees: Written in Greek.

Psalms of Solomon: Written in Hebrew.

Apocalypse of Baruch:

Enoch: 8 Aramaic manuscripts found at Qumran Cave 4.

Jubilees: 10 Hebrew manuscripts found at Qumran Caves 1 ,2, 4.

4. New Testament

Name	Year	Didache	Epistle of Barnabas	Shep. of Hermas	I and II Clement	Testament of the 12 Patriarchs	Gospel of Mark	Addition to G. of Mark	Gospel of Matthew	Gospel of Luke	Gospel of John	Addition to G. of John	Diates- saron of Tatian	Gospel of Peter	Gospel of Thomas	Gospel of Hebrews	Acts	Acts with "Western" additions	10 Pauline Letters	Pastoral Epistles	Hebrews	III Corinthians	Acts of Paul	Marcion	James	I Peter	II Peter	I John	Addition to I John	II John	III John	Jude	Rev. of John	Rev. of Peter	Apos. Constitutions	Epistle to Laodiceans
II Esdras 14:45	~95	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Common EraCommon EraCommon EraCommon EraCommon Era
Philo	~40	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Josephus	~90	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Marcion	~140	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	Pm	.	.	.	.	.	.	R	.	P	R	.	.	.	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Melito	~170	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Muratorian	~170	.	.	?	.	.	P	.	.	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	P	.	P	P	.	.	.	R	.	.	.	P	.	P	.	P	?	?	.	R
Clement	~170	.	P	P	P	.	P	.	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	Pn	P	.	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	P	.	P	.	.	.	P	P	P	.	.
Irenaeus	~177	.	.	P	.	.	P	.	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	P	.	Pi	P	P	.	.	.	.	P	.	P	.	.	.	.	P	.	.	.
Tertullian	240	.	P	R	.	.	P	.	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	P	.	P	.	P	.	.	.	.	P	.	P	.	.	.	P	P	.	.	.
Origen	253	.	.	.	.	.	P	.	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	P	.	?	.	P	.	.	.	.	P	?	P	.	?	?	.	P	.	.	.
Eusebius	~320	R	R	R	.	.	P	.	P	P	P	.	.	R	R	R	P	.	P	P	?	.	R	.	?	P	?	P	.	?	?	?	?	R	.	.
Cyril	~350	.	.	.	.	.	P	.	P	P	P	.	.	.	R	.	P	.	P	P	P	.	.	.	P	P	P	P	.	P	P	P	.	.	.	.
Claromontanus	~350	.	P	P	.	.	P	.	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	P	.	Pi	P	.	.	P	.	P	P	P	P	.	P	P	P	P	P	.	.
Sinaiticus	~350	.	P	P	.	.	P	.	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	P	.	P	P	P	.	.	.	P	P	P	P	.	P	P	P	P	.	.	.
Vaticanus	~350	.	.	.	.	.	P	.	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	P	.	P	.	P	.	.	.	P	P	P	P	.	P	P	P	.	.	.	.
Hilary	~360	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Cheltenham	360	.	.	.	.	.	P	.	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	P	.	P	.	.	.	.	.	.	P	P	P	.	P	P	.	P	.	.	.
Laodicea	363	.	.	.	.	.	P	.	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	P	.	P	P	P	.	.	.	P	P	P	P	.	P	P	P	.	.	.	.
Athanasius	367	Pn	.	Pn	.	.	P	.	P	P	P	.	.	.	.	.	P	.	P	P	P	.	.	.	P	P	P	P	.	P	P	P	P	.	.	.
Epiphanius	~374	.